the model comprises of four contributing factors that leads to the individuals cognitive appraisal of being infertile, which is the perceived problem, resulting behavioural outcome being medical help seeking. The contributing factors to the cognitive appraisal of infertility are :?Symptom Salience – Indicators of infertility salience include whether the woman was actively trying to get pregnant and the strength of her intention to bear future children. *Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?. Journal of health and social behavior, 1-10.
this paper explains the causal effect relationship between help seeking behaviours and problem perception. ?Life Course Cues: life course cues are important triggers for appraising lack of conception as a fertility problem and for seeking help. The cues include age, parity, and marriage, which is directly related as a trigger for normative childbearing?Individual And Social Cues: Individual cues for perceiving and seeking help for fertility problems include the importance of motherhood as a life goal and religiosity. Help- seeking theories suggest that social cues should be an important determinant of perceiving a problem and seeking treatment. In the case of infertility, the most important of these social cues is likely to be partner’s desires.
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?Enabling and Pre-Disposing Factors: Carpentier ; White, 2000, shows that social network support predicts help-seeking, hence expressive social support is included as a general enabling factor. The factors that generally predispose one to treatment seeking will be taken as measures of education, general health, internal health locus of control, and ethical concerns about artificial reproductive technologies (ART).This model is one the basis to identify if the cognitive appraisals and perceptions remain the same, perception of the infertility problem and medical help seeking among infertile men and women. The help seeking model postulates about the various interactions and the causal effect relation between the individual and the causal-effect relations namely , the symptom salience, life-course cues , individual and social cues and the enabling and predisposing factors which leads to the perception of a problem. The cognitive appraisal of the situation would be studied as from the couple’s perception, and the individual perception of the problem, which in-turn leads to the medical help seeking for the rectification of the problem. the infertile couple and the individual have certain set of values they seek to satisfy in wanting to have a child.
– Help Seeking Behavior , Medical Help Seeking Behavior, Perception Of Infertility Problem ,the want to have a biological child,number of children they wanted to have, their own definitions of Motherhood and Fatherhood, Family Income, Social Support, religious practices and affiliations,expression of emotionality, and being able to follow health Ethical Considerations and Education. Divorce, polygamy and extramarital affairs have long been been considered as social solutions to infertility just like adoption and fostering. In some cultures, having more than one wife for the sake of having children and also the birth of male heir has been seen in the context of infertility. In some cultures there also exists a custom that forces a sibling (usually an eldest son) to give one of his children to a younger, childless sibling for their inability to have a child. Woman has often been equated with motherhood, and man to fatherhood. The role or status of women is defined by their reproductive capacity and ability. A difficulty with this has been seen to have long lasting unwanted impacts repercussions leading to unstable marriages, domestic violence, stigmatization and in some severe cases, social isolation .
Infertile women may often been subjected to forms of physical and psychological violence. Infertile individuals are generally relegated to an inferior status, and face stigmatization. Hence, childlessness has varied consequences through its effects on societies and on the lifestyle of individuals. Parenthood is personal for some women, whereas by some as a duty.
